In effect, it is impractical for the industry to have more competitors attempt to sell the same product or service, which is the reason for the lack of competition. Practically all natural monopolies will share one common trait, which is a high fixed cost structure. the minimum consumer demand in the market is set much higher. In order for any new entrant to become profitable, production must be done on a large enough scale, i.e. In economics, a market characterized as a “natural monopoly” will be characterized by a single company that can operate more efficiently than the rest of the entire market.Įfficiency in this particular context is in reference to a significant cost advantage in which a particular company is capable of producing a product or service for much less, enabling it to benefit from higher profit margins than its competitors. What is the Definition of Natural Monopoly? economic moat, that exists due to the market’s high fixed costs of distribution for production and a greater need for scale for its business model to be sustainable over the long run. Instead, the company – deemed a “natural monopolist” – possesses a long-term competitive advantage, i.e. The emergence of a natural monopoly is rarely from ownership of proprietary technology, patents, intellectual property, and related assets, nor is it from unfair business practices or unethical corporate behavior prone to anti-trust regulations. As shown in Figure 1, the firm faces a flat demand curve at the market price Pm.A Natural Monopoly occurs when a single company can produce and offer to sell a product or service at a lower cost than its competitors can, resulting in practically no competition in the market. In a perfectly competitive market, since there are many firms competing for consumer demand, any one firm is just a price-taker. The biggest difference between a monopolist and a firm in a perfectly competitive market is the firm's ability to influence the price. What is the demand curve for a monopoly? Let's start from the very beginning! We have quite a few exciting graphs to show what's going on with a monopoly, so let's get started! Demand curve for monopoly Think about it, it would be very expensive and not make much sense for another company to come in and build an entire electric grid again to compete with the existing electricity network grid provider. Utility companies are common examples of natural monopolies. This means that there is a high fixed cost involved. A monopoly can also happen "naturally" when the fixed cost is simply too high for another company to enter the market.Ī natural monopoly occurs when long-run economies of scale exist for only one firm to serve the entire market. Think about Microsoft having a monopoly on the Windows operating system, or a drug company having a monopoly on patented drugs. Another common reason for a monopoly is intellectual property protection. In some cases, the government can decide to only allow one firm (usually a state-owned company) to operate in a market. Eventually, De Beers lost its monopoly power over the diamond market. Many of these new mines decided to sell diamonds directly to the market without going through De Beers. However, new diamond mines were eventually discovered in Russia, Australia, and Canada. When demand for diamonds was weak, De Beers would stockpile diamonds to limit supplies and stabilize the price when demand was strong, the company would release that stockpile to the market (if the price becomes too high, people would turn away from buying diamonds). This level of market power meant that the company could effectively control the price of diamonds on the international market. At its peak, De Beers once controlled almost 90% of the diamond market share. De Beers not only owned a lot of diamond mines, but also got other suppliers of diamonds to sell them exclusively via De Beers. One firm, De Beers, once controlled much of the global diamond market. The diamond market was often cited as an example of a monopoly. Price Elasticity Of Supply in the Short and Long Run.Price Determination in a Competitive Market.Market Equilibrium Consumer and Producer Surplus. ![]()
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![]() The greatest appeal of LingoDeer is its “Review” function, which is designed based on the forgetting curve theory. Only those who pass the test can unlock the next lesson. Then, if you think you are ready, you can take the test. so please study them at your convenience. “Tips” is the core component of each lesson. ![]() Just as in other LingoDeer language courses, LingoDeer Chinese course uses 100% native speaker audio, without any robot-like voices to ruin your mood. By simply following the course step by step, you will make progress unconsciously. Each lesson consists of several gamified lessons, two story practices tailored for reading and speaking respectively, and a final tips page that explains all the grammar points in the lesson clearly. LingoDeer has an interesting course framework, which will teach you in an entertaining way. You may be wondering whether LingoDeer is just a boring, exam-oriented app. The curriculum is categorized according to both CEFR indicators and the HSK (an official Chinese language proficiency test administered by the Chinese government.) This framework is meant to give learners a clearer picture of their current learning level so they can use other supplementary resources to learn better. LingoDeer Chinese course is also nicely structured. As the name suggests, LingoDeer’s mascot is a cute deer that will accompany you every day of your learning journey. You can use it to learn 13 main languages, such as Chinese, French, and Korean. LingoDeer is a language learning app that has been going viral among Asian language learners recently. LingoDeer: the Most Comprehensive Chinese Learning App Pricing : free with ads (or $6.67/MO without ads) In any case, I think Duolingo is good enough for a free app. However, it’s a pity that the content of Duolingo Chinese is not as rich as that of Duolingo Japanese, especially because Duolingo Chinese doesn’t have the “Stories” section yet.īesides, Duolingo has two other flaws: (1) it’s free but has annoying ads that may end up distracting you (2) some of the voice acting audio is computer-generated, which doesn’t sound natural to me. These challenges encourage you to go farther in the learning process by fostering a sense of accomplishment once you have completed them. For example, on the day of writing this article, the daily goals are: It’s also worth mentioning that Duolingo’s cute mascot, the green owl Duo, and several other main characters will accompany you during your learning journey! My favorite part of Duolingo is its incentive mechanism, where you can earn badges and unlock achievements by completing daily and monthly goals. As a native Chinese speaker, I cleared the whole course with one life ) No worries – there are placement tests through which you can skip those easier courses. Thus, if you make mistakes more than five times, you will fail the test! Duolingo’s lessons are unlocked in order, so the learner can’t move on to the next one without passing the previous test.įurthermore, if you have been learning the Chinese language for a while, you may feel that learning from the first lesson is just a waste of your time. You have five hearts for each lesson’s test, like the health points (HP) in games. There are three main question types – listening, matching, and Chinese-English translation. You can start the test whenever you feel ready. The main teaching content of each lesson is in the “Tips” section, which you need to read before taking the corresponding test. It’s great for learners on a budget.ĭuolingo Chinese consists of four units, each containing multiple lessons. I think the most significant advantage of Duolingo is that all of its lessons are free. You can learn Chinese and 37 other languages on it. This beloved app has 37 million monthly active users. Let’s begin with the most famous language learning app – Duolingo.
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![]() Bosco and Harris joined the program about 1996 and the buddy list flourished into instant messaging after overcoming hurdles of crashing and overloading servers. In the days of dial up internet, where an hourly fee was charged to be logged on to AOL, Appelman wanted a way to see if other AOL users were online. The creation of AIM came from from the idea of creating a buddy list by Appelman in 1994. The program stemmed from three engineers Barry Appelman, Eric Bosco and Jerry Harris in the early 1990s. ![]() AOL Instant Messenger was revolutionary during the time of new emerging technology in the 1990s. There were no emojis and no mobility, but you could pick your screen name and customize your profile. The user could add cool designs into your bio to personalize it and there was no fill in the blanks, so the creativity was endless. It included a buddy list where all your friends’ user names were saved and it showed their online or offline status. People of all ages were using AIM, from young middle schoolers to older working adults. Abbreviations like “GTG” and “TTYL” boomed through this system. AIM was the platform that encouraged online chatting and instant messenger lingo to take off. Available from only a desktop computer, it was one of the first instant chat systems created that spread far and wide. AOL Instant Messenger, AIM, was created in 1997 by AOL accidentally and became the leading instant messenger online chat system in North America. Once again good luck and happy chatting using our website.On December 15, AOL Instant Messenger will be shutting down for the final time after 20 years of service. Once again thank you for visiting our free lonely chat and we look forward to chatting to you in our member and guest chat rooms. View user profile pictures and see who you are actrually talking to. You can browse profiles and find out peoples interests and hobbies, gender and age. The world can be a lonely place, So our aim for this page is to unite people to make new friends online and get to know other people better. We aim to answer all tickets within 48 hours and will get back to you as soon as we get it. Do you need to report a website problem and need to contact the admin? Located on the home page there is a contact form which you can send us a message directly. If you need to contact us you can simply message a member of staff in any of the chat rooms where they will be happy to help and assist you with any queries. Everything you see on Chatinum is totally free and we will never ask you for payment of any kind. Free lonely chat rooms are in place to help you meet new people online without having pay amounts of money. The only way we advertise Chatinum is by word of mouth and any help you can give us is a bonus. Please note guest accounts have limited access only and do you secure your username.ĭo you feel this website is helping you? Why not spread the word across social media and give the link out to friends and family. Registered members get instant access to so many features we can not list them. Feeling bored looking to make new friend online? Chatinum is the perfect website for you with thousands of profiles and features you will never get bored. ![]() ![]() Upgrades are monthly and we are always making the website more user friendly everyday. We want you you to have a really good time on our free lonely chat rooms and we make every effort to keep the website up to scratch. Once again thanks for visiting and enjoy your stay. Please be sure if you register an account please use a secure password and a unique username. We are always adding new features to Chatinum for you to explore and use and we will keep adding them forever. Do you feel like you want to be more involved in the website? Why not check out other areas that we have to offer such as profiles, more rooms, inbox and messenger. Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport level 2. Visitors can enjoy live music performances in the Jazz Garden, located in the central area. Within the main terminal, baggage claim is located on level 1, along with access to the ground transportation center on either side of the terminal exits. Image Credit: Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport level 1. ![]() The new terminal can be accessed from I-10, and the long-term parking and car rental companies remain at the old site located south of the new terminal building. Located north of the existing site, the new North Terminal has 3 concourses, curbside access on the east and west sides, and 3 parking lots directly in front of the terminal. Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport shifted operations to a brand new terminal at the end of 2019. ![]() Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport map. ![]() The terminal is modern and spacious, and the curves are said to represent the winding Mississippi River that runs through New Orleans.Īirport: Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (MSY) Terminals: 1 terminal with 3 concourses Airport Address: 1 Terminal Dr., Kenner, LA 70062 Distance From Downtown New Orleans: 11 miles (18 km) Website: Phone Number: 50 Passengers Served: 13.6 million Destinations Served: 47 domestic and 9 international destinations Flight Information: MSY departure and arrival info can be found online MSY Terminal Map Restaurants serve flavorsome dishes produced by local chefs, and live music can be enjoyed in the Jazz Garden in the central area of baggage claim. The new terminal took 6 years to develop and gives passengers a flavor of New Orleans from the moment they land. Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (MSY) served 13.6 million passengers in 2019 and features a new terminal completed in late 2019. ![]() As the only person in Jesus’s life who’s got more on his mind than moneybags, he is in substantial ways the purest moral force in the movie. It isn’t lost on the movie that Jake is caught in a staggering double-bind. The movie is an unsettling mixture of pulp and polemic, with old tropes-a jailbird promised freedom if he works on behalf of the state, a daddy issue–laden hero with a God complex, Samson and Delilah, a hooker with a heart of gold-recombined to assert an aggressive political point. The opening credits are scored not to music of the moment, but to the clamoring, industrial lyricism of “John Henry,” Aaron Copland’s 1940 symphonic portrait of the 19th-century black folk hero and steel driver who, the story goes, took American labor capital to task in a one-man race against a steam-powered hammer. But even by those standards, He Got Game’s opening moments are daringly incongruous. By 1998, Lee had established himself as a director with, among other things, an incisive musical palette: films like Jungle Fever and Do the Right Thing are as memorable for their evocative needle drops- Stevie Wonder and Public Enemy, respectively-as they are for their politics or Lee’s whirligig visual style. There’s more at stake here, it tells us, than merely the travails of man and sport. The opening sequence is practically an anthem in images. Next: this is a story broad enough to encompass street ball, the pro leagues, and everything and everyone in between, from the shadows of the Twin Towers to the prairies, to Chicago’s since-demolished Cabrini-Green projects. And the bodies playing it are united in this beauty, even as time, space, gender, and color differentiate them. It’s a credit sequence that doubles as a mission statement. They’re shooting hoops: posing, dribbling, showing off, bodies jostling against each other, breathing the sport of basketball to life in wondrous slow motion. Spike Lee’s film opens on soaring, enormous images of unrepentantly American cities and plains, with men and women of every color-but mostly men, and mostly black and white-pictured in backyards and fields, on boardwalks, beside abandoned gas stations, and in fenced-off basketball courts neighboring the projects. Whether or not you remember how it ends, if you’ve seen it, you’ve likely been unable to shake how He Got Game begins. ![]() 08% or more but failed to mention breath alcohol concentration. However, breath-test devices don't measure blood alcohol-they measure breath alcohol concentration.įor many years, "per se" DUI laws prohibited driving with a BAC of. The Relationship Between Breath and Blood Alcoholīecause of the advantages, most officers favor using breathalyzers to testing a suspect's blood. Also, most DUI suspects much prefer blowing into a breathalyzer tube to having a phlebotomist jab them with a needle. Police don't need medical personnel to use a breathalyzer, and the results are instantaneous. And blood results aren't quick: It can take a month or more for a lab to analyze the sample and report the results.īreath tests, on the other hand, don't suffer the same flaws. The officer must take the suspect to a place-usually a medical facility or police station-where a phlebotomist or other medical personnel extracts the blood sample. Police often disfavor blood tests because they involve burdensome procedures. Other drivers have medical conditions, such as hemophilia, that make blood testing a bad option. Many drivers simply don't like having blood drawn-it can be painful and some even have a needle phobia. (To get a rough idea of how BAC relates to the number of drinks consumed, see our BAC chart and BAC calculator.) How Police Measure BACīlood and breath tests are the two most common methods police use for measuring how much a person has had to drink.įor drivers and police alike, blood testing can be troublesome. That's why DUI laws use BAC as a marker for whether a person is under the influence. So there's a correlation between BAC and impairment. "BAC" is short for "blood alcohol concentration"-a measurement of how much alcohol is in a person's blood. And an especially high BAC can increase the already-severe penalties for DUI. In every state, you can get a DUI if you drive with a BAC of. ![]() For an 8-cost card, I know the attack and defense power is not so awesome but that last words effect pretty much compensates for it and more.ĭeath’s Breath: Summon three Zombies. This card is absolutely awesome, it pretty much guarantees followers on your field. Mordecai The Duelist: Last Words: Summon a Mordecai the Duelist. Using your Shadows efficiently is the key to winning with Shadowcraft. Most of the cards in this deck have special abilities that can be activated using Shadows. Shadowcraft wins games through necromancy. ![]() This is a great card to prepare for your attacks mid-game. This is pretty difficult since, during mid game, the troops that you can deploy on this class have pretty good HP and large damage.ĭragon Emissary: Put a random card that cost at least 5 play points from your deck into your hand. But look at that damage, it can take down your opponent in no time if they can’t deal with your other followers. It’s obvious that you should only play this card once you have Overflow active. This follower can’t be attacked if Overflow is active for you. Moreover, they get stronger once you have overflow active for you.ĭark Dragoon Forte: Storm. Most cards have high play point orbs to play but they are high quality and can dominate the field midpoint onwards. Top 2 cards for Dragoncraft Deck:ĭragoncraft specializes in dragons. A couple of boosts in this card can wipe out your opponent’s follower giving you a chance to land a deadly blow. Mythril Golem: This card has the potential to end the game for you. A free Spellboost card and the potential to boost the cards in your hand can give you an edge over whatever type of Runecraft deck you are using. Whenever this follower attacks, spell boost the cards in your hand. Merlin: Fanfare: Put a random spell with Spellboost from your deck into your hand. These two cards can be useful in whatever deck build you chose. There are also many varieties under this class, some decks focus on Spellboost while others take advantage of the Earth Rite effect. The more you use a spell, the cheaper and more powerful a Spellboost card will be. Most cards in this class have the Spellboost effect. Unlike the Admiral, you can pass the buff even if the followers you have in play isn’t an Officer. That Fanfare effect is just too good coupled with your other followers, you have the opportunity to launch a big attack. Sage Commander: Fanfare: Give +1/+1 to all other allied followers. Depending on the situation, you might need that extra damage from Sage Commander Admiral gives more buffs while Sage Commander has better individual damage. It’s a tie! I would have put the Admiral in here as well but, again, it feels like cheating, anyway, Sage Commander and Admiral has more or less the same presence. A good way to perform this is to attack one of the Bodyguards on your opponent’s follower to have it die than drop your Admiral. Couple this with the Admiral and they can all be very lethal. This is a great card to play especially when you’re in a pinch or if you want to gain a quick advantage early in the game. Sea Queen Otohime: Fanfare: Summon Otohime’s Bodyguards until your area is full. Either way, these 2 cards can fit on your deck no matter what play style you chose in this Shadowverse class. Some cards can summon multiple units on the field while some have special abilities like Storm. There are many varieties of decks that you can build in this class from cheap costing to mid ranged, from swarm to quality over quantity. These cards rely on each other to stronger as the whole team. Swordcraft’s cards have traits namely, Commanders and Officers. This card is really good especially mid game, Fairies will be plenty dangerous with this card and this gives you an advantage late game as well when your opponent doesn’t have any evolution orb to play. You already have an idea what the Fairy Princess can bring to the table, but it’s already mentioned above plus it seems cheating to still add Fairy Princess to this list since we only got 2. Titania’s Sanctuary: Can Evolve an allied Fairy each turn for 0 evolution points. Thorn Burst is a 2-cost spell card that deals 3 damage to an enemy, you can cast this spell directly to your opponent’s leader which means, if you have many Fairies in your hand and plays the Rose Queen, it will pretty much end the game. Coupled with a deck that lets you draw multiple fairies, this legendary card is really overpowered especially with Fairy Princess. This card greatly plays in line with Forestcraft’s strength. ![]() To change the zoom level or move the image in the window by using the Navigator panel And when the zoom level is greater than 100%, you canĪlso use the panel to move the image in the document window, to bring an area you want to edit or examine into view. Using the Navigator panel, you can change the zoom level of an image. Note: The zoom shortcuts also can be used when some dialogs are open. ![]() Click a zoom button on the Options bar: Actual Pixels to set the zoom level to 100% Fit Screen to display the entire image at the largest size that can fit in the window Fill Screen to have the image fill the window (only part of the image may be visible) or Print Size to display the image at an approximation of its print size.Right-click in the document window and choose a zoom option from the context menu.In the Zoom Level field on the Application bar or in the lower left corner of the document window, enter the desired zoom percentage.To spring-load the Zoom tool with its current settings, hold down Z.In the document window, drag immediately to the right to zoom in A or to the left to zoom out. Choose the Zoom tool, then check Scrubby Zoom on the Options bar.To change the zoom level using the Zoom tool For the other Zoom preferences, see page 386. The latter preference must also be checked to use the Scrubby Zoom feature, which OpenGL Drawing in Preferences > Performance. Note: For smoother and more continuous zooming, check Animated Zoom in Edit/Photoshop > Preferences > General, and check Enable Lower left corner of the document window, and on the Navigator panel. TheĬurrent zoom level percentage is listed in four locations: on the Application bar, on the document title bar or tab, in the You can display the whole image in the document window or magnify part of it when you need to work on a small detail. 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